Unit 9 Discussion – Use Disorders and Comprehensive Assessment. Compare and contrast sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder from cannabis use disorder (without the aid of a drug screen). For this discussion, you will need to place particular emphasis on how comprehensive assessment could help us to arrive at the correct diagnosis as well as what the signs and symptoms of each are.
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Use Disorders and Comprehensive Assessment
Compare and Contrast Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder From Cannabis Use Disorder (without the aid of a drug screen).
Contemporary mental health care bestows psychiatry with responsibilities that call for the need to investigate, understand and treat the impact stress has on an individual’s life, including feelings of discomfort, dysphoria, and anxiety, amongst others. These psychiatrists have created sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, working on standard psychotherapy models and medication-based therapies. Suffice it to say that despite their established therapeutic value, the toxic effects from their long-term use or misuse result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal syndromes, just like those diagnosed with cannabis use disorder.
Shmulewitz et al. (2015) aver that research findings indicate that at the conceptual level, all these substances abuse is accompanied by similar features across the different substances, for example, comparable neurobiological mechanisms of action. Another commonality amongst all these substance and drug abuse is that a desirable characteristic targeting identifying persons with the specific drug or substance use disorder using set parameters underpin tolerance and hazardous use. Some of the differences include the fact that cannabis withdrawal, studies show, is a valid a reliable diagnosis with a time-limited course after cessation of cannabis use.
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In contrast, hallucinogen/ inhalant withdrawals have studies indicating that withdrawal symptoms demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, besides fitting the underlying disorder latent construct. Another difference is that cannabis withdrawal fits the unidimensional model of cannabis use disorder criteria. Comprehensive assessment using the CAGE- cannabis is one of the screening tools with good characteristics for a short screening tool designed to be used in daily clinical practice remarkable for its brevity(less than ten questions) and relatively short handover time of fewer than 210 minutes. On the other hand, the Severity for Dependence Scale (SDS) can be used as a screening test for hypnotics or anxiolytics (Krist et al., 2020).
The mental healthcare provider should be on the lookout for such symptoms as anxiety, irritability, restlessness, depersonalization, and depression as indicators to confirm cannabis use disorder (Patel, 2022). The patient takes the substance in larger amounts or for longer than prescribed. The client wants to cut down or stop using the substance but is unable to and spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the substance use. Furthermore, testing for marijuana in blood, hair, saliva, and urine has a detection window of between 24 hours in saliva and up to 90 days in hair. Hypnotics use disorder makes the patient present with an unusual craving for the hypnotic, sweating, general discontent or euphoria, small pupils and nausea.
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References
Patel, D. (2022). Cannabis use disorder. Addiction Medicine, 33-40.
Shmulewitz, D., Greene, E. R., & Hasin, D. (2015). Commonalities and differences across substance use disorders: phenomenological and epidemiological aspects. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(10), 1878-1900.
Krist, A. H., Davidson, K. W., Mangione, C. M., Barry, M. J., Cabana, M., Caughey, A. B., … & US Preventive Services Task Force. (2020). Screening for unhealthy drug use: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Jama, 323(22), 2301-2309.
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